Release Notes for X11R7.7

The X.Org Foundation

June 2012

These release notes contain information about features and their status in the X.Org Foundation X11R7.7 release.


Table of Contents

Introduction to the X11R7.7 Release
Summary of new features in X11R7.7
Overview of X11R7.7
Details of X11R7.7 components
Video Drivers
Input Drivers
Xorg server
Font support
Build changes and issues
Strict compilation flags
Silent build rules
New configure options for font modules
New configure options for documentation in modules
Miscellaneous
Socket directory ownership and permissions
Deprecated components and removal plans
Future Removals
Removed in this Release
Attributions/Acknowledgements/Credits

Introduction to the X11R7.7 Release

This release is the eighth modular release of the X Window System™. The next full release will be X11R7.8 and is expected in 2013.

Unlike X11R1 through X11R6.9, X11R7.x releases are not built from one monolithic source tree, but many individual modules. These modules are distributed as individual source code releases, and each one is released when it is ready, instead of only when the overall window system is ready for release. The X11R7.x releases are made by “rolling up” the individual module releases into a collection that is often affectionately called the “katamari” by the developers.

The X11R7.7 release does not include all of the software formerly included in the previous X Window System releases. It is designed to be a reasonable baseline from which to start when building the window system for the first time for a new installation, distribution, or package set. It does not provide a full desktop environment, expecting a more feature rich set of applications to be installed from one of the several excellent desktop environments available for the X Window System. The X.Org developers continue to maintain and produce new releases of much of the software that was formerly in the main window system releases but is no longer included in the katamari releases, including many of the Athena Widgets desktop applications that were provided as samples in previous window system versions.

Once their window system build is established, most builders watch for announcements of individual module updates on the xorg-announce mailing list and update to those as needed. The X.Org Foundation currently releases the X Window System katamari releases approximately once a year, but many modules, especially the X servers and drivers, are updated more frequently between those releases.

For help with how to build and develop in the modular tree see the Modular Developer's Guide in the X.Org wiki.

We encourage you to report bugs using freedesktop.org's bug tracking system using the xorg product, and to submit bug fixes and enhancements to . More details on patch submission and review process are available on the SubmittingPatches page of the X.Org wiki.

The release numbering is based on the original MIT X numbering system. X11 refers to the version of the network protocol that the X Window system is based on: Version 11 was first released in 1988 and has been stable for nearly 25 years, with only upward compatible additions to the core X protocol, a record of stability envied in computing. Formal releases of X started with X version 9 from MIT; the first commercial X products were based on X version 10. The MIT X Consortium and its successors, the X Consortium, the Open Group X Project Team, and the X.Org Group released versions X11R3 through X11R6.6. Since the founding of the X.Org Foundation in early 2004, many further releases have been issued, from X11R6.7 to the current 7.7.

The next section describes what is new in the latest full release (7.7) compared with the previous full release (7.6).

Summary of new features in X11R7.7

This is a sampling of the new features in X11R7.7. A more complete list of changes can be found in the ChangeLog files that are part of the source of each X module.

  • Multi-touch events are now supported for touchpads and touchscreens which can report position information on more than one finger providing input at the same time, such as found on many tablets and recent laptops. These are exposed by Xorg server 1.12 and later via the Xinput extension version 2.2.

  • Additional Xinput extension features were introduced in version 2.1, as supported in Xorg server 1.11, including allowing clients to track raw events from input devices, additional detail in scrolling events so that clients may perform smoother scrolling, and additional constants in the Xlib-based libXi API.

  • More progress has been made on the X.Org Documentation modernization - the rest of the library and protocol specifications have been converted to DocBook XML from the variety of formats they were previously in, and support for cross-linking between documents hase been added. On most systems these documents will be installed under /usr/share/doc/. They are also posted on the X.Org website at http://www.x.org/releases/X11R7.7/.

  • Fence objects are now available in Version 3.1 of the Synchronization (Sync) extension. These allow clients to create a object that is either in triggered or not-triggered state, and to perform actions when the object becomes triggered. When a client requests a fence be triggered, the X server will first complete all rendering from previous requests that affects resources owned by the fence's screen before changing the state, so that clients may synchronize with such rendering. Support for these has been added to both the libxcb-sync and libXext API's.

  • Pointer barriers were added by X Fixes extension Version 5.0. Compositing managers and desktop environments may have UI elements in particular screen locations such that for a single-headed display they correspond to easy targets, for example, the top left corner. For a multi-headed environment these corners should still be semi-impermeable. Pointer barriers allow the application to define additional constraint on cursor motion so that these areas behave as expected even in the face of multiple displays.

  • The XCB libraries have begun adding support for the GLX and XKB extensions. This work is not yet complete in this release, and not all of the functionality available through these extensions is accessibile via the XCB APIs. Some of this effort was funded by past Google Summer of Code projects.

  • Video and input driver enhancements. Please see the ChangeLog files for individual drivers; there are far too many updates to list here.

  • ... and the usual assortment of correctness and crash fixes.

Overview of X11R7.7

On most platforms, X11R7.7 has a single hardware-driving X server binary called Xorg. This binary can dynamically load the video drivers, input drivers, and other modules that are needed. Xorg has currently has support for Linux, Solaris, and some BSD OSs on Alpha, PowerPC, IA-64, AMD64, Intel x86, Sparc, and MIPS platforms.

Additional specialized X server binaries may be found depending on the platform and build configuration, including:

Xdmx

is a proxy X server that uses one or more other X servers as its display devices. It provides multi-head X functionality for displays that might be located on different machines.

Xnest

is a nested X server, that operates as both an X client and X server. Xnest is a client of the real server which manages windows and graphics requests on its behalf. Xnest is a server to its own clients, and manages windows and graphics requests on their behalf. To these clients, it appears to be a conventional server.

Xephyr

is a X server that outputs to a window on a pre-existing “host” X display. Unlike Xnest which is an X proxy, and thus limited to the capabilities of the host X server, Xephyr is a full X server which uses the host X server window as a “framebuffer” via fast SHM XImages.

Xvfb

is a virtual framebuffer X server that can run on machines with no display hardware and no physical input devices. It emulates a dumb framebuffer using virtual memory.

Xquartz

is an X server that interacts with the MacOS X native Aqua window system, displaying windows on the Mac desktop and accepting input from the Mac system devices, allowing X11 applications to be used in a native Mac desktop session.

Xwin

is an X server that runs under the Cygwin environment, interacting with the Microsoft Windows native window system, displaying windows on the Windows desktop and accepting input from the Windows system devices, allowing X11 applications to be used in a native Windows desktop session.

Details of X11R7.7 components

Video Drivers

X11R7.7 includes the following video drivers:

Driver NameDescriptionFurther Information
arkArk Logic 
astASPEED Technology 
cirrusCirrus Logic 
dummyVirtual/offscreen framebuffer 
fbdevLinux framebuffer devicefbdev(4)
geode (*)AMD Geode GX and LX 
glide3Dfx Voodoo 1, 2, Banshee, 3, 4 & 5glide(4)
glint3Dlabs, TIglint(4)
i128Number NineREADME.I128, i128(4)
intelIntel Integrated Graphics ProcessorsREADME.intel, intel(4)
mach64ATI Mach64README.ati
mgaMatroxmga(4)
neomagicNeoMagicneomagic(4)
newport (-)SGI NewportREADME.newport, newport(4)
nvNVIDIAnv(4)
r128ATI Rage128README.r128, r128(4)
radeonATI Radeonradeon(4)
savageS3 Savagesavage(4)
siliconmotionSilicon Motionsiliconmotion(4)
sisSiSREADME.SiS, sis(4)
suncg6 (+)Sun GX and Turbo GX 
sunffb (+)Sun Creator/3D, Elite 3D 
tdfx3Dfx Voodoo Banshee, 3, 4 & 5tdfx(4)
tgaDEC TGAREADME.DECtga
tridentTridenttrident(4)
v4lVideo4Linuxv4l(4)
vesaVESAvesa(4)
vmwareVMware guest OSvmware(4)
voodoo3Dfx Voodoo 1 & 2voodoo(4)
wsfbWorkstation Framebufferwsfb(4)

Drivers marked with (*) are present in a preliminary form in this release, but are not complete and/or stable yet.

Drivers marked with (+) are for Linux/Sparc only.

Drivers marked with (-) are for Linux/mips only.

Input Drivers

X11R7.7 includes the following input drivers:

Driver NameDescriptionFurther Information
evdev(*)Linux kernel EvDevevdev(4)
joystickJoystickjoystick(4)
kbdgeneric keyboards (non-evdev systems)kbd(4)
mousemost mouse devices (non-evdev systems)mousedrv(4)
synapticsSynaptics & ALP touchpadssynaptics(4)
vmmouseVMWare virtual mousevmmousedrv(4)
voiddummy devicevoid(4)

Drivers marked with (*) are available for Linux only.

Xorg server

Loader and Modules

The Xorg server relies on the operating system's native module loader support for handling program modules. The X server makes use of modules for video drivers, X server extensions, input device drivers, framebuffer layers, and internal components used by some drivers (like XAA & EXA).

The module interfaces (both API and ABI) used in this release are subject to change without notice. While we will attempt to provide backward compatibility for the module interfaces in stable releases, we cannot guarantee this. Compatibility in the other direction is explicitly not guaranteed because new modules may rely on interfaces added in new releases, nor is compatibility across stable release branches (such as between Xorg 1.11 and 1.12).

Note about module security

The Xorg server runs with root privileges, so the Xorg server loadable modules also run with these privileges. For this reason we recommend that all users be careful to only use loadable modules from reliable sources, otherwise the introduction of malware and contaminated code can occur and wreak havoc on your system.

Configuration File

The Xorg server uses a configuration file as the primary mechanism for providing configuration and run-time parameters. The configuration file format is described in detail in the xorg.conf(5) manual page.

Note that this release features significant improvements for running the server without a configuration file, so many users may find that that they don't need a configuration file, or may rely on just snippets of configuration placed in the xorg.conf.d directory.

If you do need to customize the configuration file, see the xorg.conf manual page . You can also check the driver-specific manual pages and the related documentation (found at driver tables) also.

The recommended method for generating a configuration file is to use the Xorg server itself. Run as root:

        Xorg -configure
        

and follow the instructions.

Command Line Options

Command line options can be used to override some default parameters and parameters provided in the configuration file. Command line options available for use with all X servers in this release are described in the Xserver(1) manual page. Command line options specific to the Xorg server are described in the Xorg(1) manual page.

Multi-head

Some multi-head configurations are supported in X11R7.7. Support for multiple PCI/AGP cards may require a kernel with changes to support VGA arbitration.

One of the main problems is with drivers not sufficiently initializing cards that were not initialized at boot time. This has been improved somewhat with the INT10 support that is used by most drivers (which allows secondary card to be "soft-booted", but in some cases there are other issues that still need to be resolved. Some combinations can be made to work better by changing which card is the primary card (either by using a different PCI slot, or by changing the system BIOS's preference for the primary card).

Xinerama

Xinerama is an X server extension that allows multiple physical screens connected to multiple video devices to behave as a single screen. With traditional multi-head in X11, windows cannot span or cross physical screens. Xinerama removes this limitation. Xinerama does, however, require that the physical screens all have the same root depth, so it isn't possible, for example, to use an 8-bit screen together with a 16-bit screen in Xinerama mode.

Xinerama is not enabled by default, and can be enabled with the +xinerama command line option for the X server. Note that enabling Xinerama may disable certain other extensions which are not compatible with Xinerama.

DDC

The VESA® Display Data Channel (DDC) standard allows the monitor to tell the video card (or in some cases the computer directly) about itself; particularly the supported screen resolutions and refresh rates.

Partial or complete DDC support is available in most of the video drivers. DDC is enabled by default, but can be disabled with a "Device" section entry: Option "NoDDC". We have support for DDC versions 1 and 2; these can be disabled independently with Option "NoDDC1" and Option "NoDDC2".

At startup the server prints out DDC information from the display, and can use this information to set the default monitor parameters, or to warn about monitor sync limits if those provided in the configuration file don't match those that are detected.

Changed behavior in handling information from DDC

The X server previously used DDC information to detect screen size and pitch, and compute DPI automatically, allowing fonts and other UI elements to automatically scale to appropriate sizes. This mechanism worked reasonably well for many single-monitor cases, but did not compute accurate DPI values for multi-monitor cases or less common single-display setups. Thus, this autodetection has been removed, and the X server no longer tries to compute an appropriate DPI value. All users wanting fonts, physical measurement units, and other UI elements scaled appropriately for their display (including users for whom autodetection previously worked) must now set DPI or some other scaling factor explicitly, either via the X server's -dpi option, a DPI setting in their graphical enironment, or an alternate scaling mechanism provided by their environment.

GLX and the Direct Rendering Infrastructure (DRI)

Direct rendered OpenGL® support is provided for several hardware platforms by the Direct Rendering Infrastructure (DRI). Further information about DRI can be found at the DRI Project's web site. The 3D core rendering component is provided by Mesa.

Of note is that this release supports building the X server using the system-wide libdrm. Previously, drm was kept in the server's tree and loaded as a module, rather than using the standard OS mechanisms for managing shared libraries of code. This requires that the server be built using a version of libdrm of 2.3.0 or newer if it is to use DRM.

Terminate Server keystroke

The Xorg server has previously allowed users to exit the server by pressing the keys Control + Alt + Backspace. While this function is still enabled by default in this release, the keymap data usually used with Xorg, from the xkeyboard-config project, has been modified to not map that sequence by default, in order to reduce the chance that inexperienced users will accidentally destroy their work.

Users who wish to have this functionality available by default may enable it via the XKB configuration option “terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp”. For instance, the setxkbmap command can be used to enable this by running:

	setxkbmap -option "terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp"
	  

The XKB Configuration Guide also includes an example xorg.conf.d file that sets the “terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp” option by default on all keyboards. Many desktop environments include XKB configuration options in their preferences to enable this as well.

Grab debugging keystrokes

The Xorg server in this release provides various functions that can be mapped to keystrokes to aid in the debugging of programs with errant input grabs.

The keysyms XF86LogGrabInfo and XF86LogWindowTree are defined to print information to the Xorg log file on the current set of input grabs, and the window tree of the current display. By default, these are available for use, but not mapped to any key.

The keysym XF86Ungrab forces the X server to release all active grabs, which may leave the clients holding them in an inconsistent state. XF86ClearGrab goes further, killing the client connection of any client holding an active grab when it is pressed. These keystrokes are intended to allow developers to debug clients which are not properly releasing grabs or have problems occur while input is grabbed. Since grabs are a fundamental part of the X client security model, these keystrokes come with risks, such as the ability to bypass or kill screen locks without knowing the password, and thus are not available by default.

Users who are willing to accept the security risk and wish to enable this functionality may do so via the XKB configuration option “grab:break_actions”.

Security issue in older xkeyboard-config releases

The xkeyboard-config data files included in this release have the grab disabling keys correctly disabled by default, but versions before xkeyboard-config 2.5 had them enabled, leading to the security risk described above. When upgrading to the X server in this release be sure to also ensure xkeyboard-config is a safe version. More details about this issue may be found in advisories for CVE-2012-0064.

X Server startup state

The X servers in the X11R7.7 release now start by default with an empty black screen and do not draw the mouse cursor until a client sets the cursor image. To restore the classic behavior of starting with the grey weave pattern and × cursor, start the X server with the -retro option.

Font support

Details about the font support in X11R7.7 can be found in the Fonts in X11R7.7 document.

Default font installation directory

Previous versions of X installed font files under the lib/X11/fonts subdirectory of the X installation directory (for instance, in X11R6 releases, /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts was commonly used). This release uses the default installation path of the fonts subdirectory of the datadir setting from the GNU autoconf configuration. For instance, if the fonts are configured with ./configure --prefix=/usr, they will be installed under subdirectories of /usr/share/fonts/X11. The font module configure scripts all take an option of --with-fontrootdir=PATH to override the default. If --with-fontrootdir is not specified, the fontutil pkg-config file will be consulted to find the fontrootdir specified when the fontutil module was installed.

Bitmap font compression methods

The X11R7.7 release supports PCF format bitmap fonts stored uncompressed or compressed via the compress, gzip, or bzip2 programs. To utilize bzip2 compression, the libXfont and mkfontscale modules must be built with the --with-bzip2 — all other methods are enabled by default.

To specify which compression method to use when installing a font module from X11R7.7 the configure scripts accept an option of --with-compression=TYPE, where TYPE may be none, compress, gzip, or bzip2.

Type1 Font support

Previous versions of X came with two Postscript Type1 font backends. The functionality from the “Type1” backend has been replaced by the Type1 support in the “FreeType” backend.

CID Font support

The CID-keyed font format was designed by Adobe Systems for fonts with large character sets. The CID-keyed format is obsolete, as it has been superseded by other formats such as OpenType/CFF and support for CID-keyed fonts has been removed from X11.

Build changes and issues

Strict compilation flags

Most of the modules in this release use stricter compiler flags when building with the GNU gcc, LLVM clang, Oracle Solaris Studio, or Intel compilers. These flags both enable more warnings, and promote some warnings to fatal errors in the build. If these flags cause your build to fail, you can disable the flags that turn these selected warnings into errors by adding --disable-selective-werror to the configure command for the affected module. If that is necessary for any X.Org modules, please report a bug in the xorg product on https://bugs.freedesktop.org/.

Builders seeking even stricter compiler checks can instead pass --enable-strict-compilation to the configure command to make all warnings become errors.

Silent build rules

Most of the modules in this release use the AM_SILENT_RULES option of GNU automake 1.11. When building the software, most output will show an abbreviated format for the commands being run, such as:

   CC	xmen.o
	

To enable verbose output, showing all the arguments to the commands being run, add the flag V=1 to the make command line or add the flag --disable-silent-rules to the configure command.

New configure options for font modules

The bitmap font modules now accept a configure option of --disable-all-encodings to set the default for all encodings to off, requiring builders to then pass --enable-<encoding> flags for each encoding to be built.

New configure options for documentation in modules

As many more modules now contain documentation to be converted from DocBook XML to text, HTML, PostScript, and/or PDF formats, new standard options have been added to the configure macros to control the build of these in the modules.

--with-xmlto=yes|no

Enables or disables use of the xmlto command to translate DocBook XML to other formats. All DocBook XML conversions require use of this command.

--with-fop=yes|no

Enables or disables use of the Apache fop command to translate DocBook XML to PostScript and PDF formats.

--enable-docs=yes|no

Enables or disables the build and installation of all documentation except traditional man pages or those covered by the --enable-devel-docs and --enable-specs options.

--enable-devel-docs=yes|no

Enables or disables the build and installation of documentation for developers of the X.Org software modules.

--enable-specs=yes|no

Enables or disables the build and installation of the formal specification documents for protocols and APIs.

Miscellaneous

This section describes other items of note for the X11R7.7 release.

Socket directory ownership and permissions

The socket directories created in /tmp are now required to be owned by root and have their sticky-bit set. If the permissions are not set correctly, the component using this directory will print an error message and fail to start. Common socket directories that are known to be affected include:

        /tmp/.font-unix
        /tmp/.ICE-unix
        /tmp/.X11-unix
        

These directories are used by the font server (xfs), applications using the Inter-Client Exchange protocol (ICE) and the X server, respectively.

There are several solutions to the problem of when to create these directories. They could be created at install time by the system's installer if the /tmp dir is persistent. They could be created at boot time by the system's boot scripts (e.g., the init.d scripts). Or, they could be created by PAM modules at service startup or user login time.

The solution chosen is platform dependent, and the system administrator should be able to handle creating those directories on any systems that do not have the correct ownership or permissions.

Deprecated components and removal plans

This section lists current plans for removal of obsolete or deprecated components in the X.Org releases. As our releases are open source, users who continue to require these can find the source in previous releases and continue to use these, but the X.Org Foundation and its volunteers have decided the burden of continued maintenance and distribution in the core X11 releases outweighs the benefits of doing so. In some cases, this is simply because no one has volunteered to do continued maintenance, so if software is listed here that you need, you can contact to volunteer to take over maintainership, either inside or outside of the Xorg release process.

Future Removals

DGA version 2

DGA 2.0 is included in 7.7. Documentation for the client libraries can be found in the XDGA(3) man page. DGA should be considered deprecated; if you are relying on it, please let us know what you need it for so we can find better solutions. In this release, support has been removed for all DGA rendering and mapping code, leaving just mode setting and raw input device access.

Input device discovery via HAL

Xorg server 1.4 started using the HAL framework to discover connected input devices, receive notification of hotplug events for them, and to retrieve configuration parameters for them. The HAL maintainers have since deprecated HAL, so the X.Org developers have begun replacement with alternatives. As a result, configuration of input devices via HAL *.fdi files is no longer supported on Linux platforms using udev, and may not be supported on other platforms in future Xorg server releases.

Nested and virtual X servers

As described in the section called “Overview of X11R7.7”, this release contains several X servers that either display onto another X server (Xephyr & Xnest), or render into a virtual memory framebuffer (Xvfb & Xfake). These may be replaced in a future release by use of the Xorg server with the xf86-video-nested and xf86-video-dummy drivers which perform the same tasks.

Removed in this Release

Unmaintained drivers

This release no longer contains the following drivers, due to lack of maintainers with relevant hardware. Existing driver versions may work with current Xorg servers, but they are not being actively updated to support Xorg driver API & ABI changes.

  • xf86-input-acecad: Acecad Flair

  • xf86-input-aiptek: Aiptek USB tablet

  • xf86-video-apm: Alliance Pro Motion

  • xf86-video-chips: Chips & Technologies

  • xf86-video-i740: Intel i740

  • xf86-video-rendition: Rendition Verite

  • xf86-video-s3: S3 (not ViRGE or Savage)

  • xf86-video-s3virge: S3 ViRGE

  • xf86-video-sisusb: SiS Net2280-based USB

  • xf86-video-suncg14: Sun CG14

  • xf86-video-suncg3: Sun CG3

  • xf86-video-sunleo: Sun Leo (ZX)

  • xf86-video-suntcx: Sun TCX

  • xf86-video-tseng: Tseng Labs

  • xf86-video-xgi: XGI

  • xf86-video-xgixp: XGI Volari 8300

Attributions/Acknowledgements/Credits

This section lists the credits for the X11R7.7 release. For a more detailed breakdown, refer to the ChangeLog file in the source tree for each module, the history in the xorg product in freedesktop.org's git repositories or the 'git log' information for individual source files.

The X Window System has been a collaborative effort from its inception. Our apologies for anyone or organization inadvertently overlooked. Many individuals (including major contributors) who worked on X are represented by their employers in this list. If you feel we have left anyone out, please let us know.

These people contributed in some way to X11R7.7 since the release of X11R7.6:

Aapo RantalainenLev Nezhdanov
Aaron CulichLinus Arver
Aaron PlattnerLuc Verhaegen
Abdoulaye Walsimou GayeMaarten Lankhorst
Adam JacksonMaarten Maathuis
Adam TkacMacpaul Lin
Adrian BunkMagnus Kessler
Alan CoopersmithMarcin Kościelnicki
Alan CurryMarcin Slusarz
Alan HourihaneMarcin Woliński
Alban BrowaeysMarek Olšák
Albert DamenMario Kleiner
Aldis BerjozaMark Dokter
Alessandro GuidoMark Kettenis
Alex DeucherMark Schreiber
Alex PlotnickMarko Macek
Alexander PolakovMarko Myllynen
Alexandr ShadchinMarkus Duft
Alexandre JulliardMarkus Fleschutz
Alexey ShumitskyMart Raudsepp
Alistair Leslie-HughesMartin Langhoff
Ander Conselvan de OliveiraMartin-Éric Racine
Andrea CancianiMarton Balint
Andreas SchwabMatěj Cepl
Andreas WettsteinMathias Krause
Andrew RandrianasuluMathieu Bérard
Andrew TurnerMathieu Taillefumier
Andy FurnissMatt Dew
Anssi HannulaMatt Turner
Antoine MartinMatthew D. Fuller
Arkadiusz Miśkiewiczmatthew green
Armin KMatthias Clasen
Arnaud FontaineMatthias Hopf
Arthur TaylorMatthieu Herrb
Arvind UmraoMatti Hamalainen
Avram LyonMax Schwarz
Bartosz BrachaczekMaxim Iorsh
Bartosz KosiorekMehdi Dogguy
Bastian Blankmeng
Bastien NoceraMichael Chang
Ben HutchingsMichael Larabel
Benjamin CloseMichael Olbrich
Benjamin HerrenschmidtMichael Stapelberg
Benjamin OtteMichael Thayer
Benjamin TissoiresMichał Górny
Bernie InnocentiMichal Marek
Bill NottinghamMichał Masłowski
Bjørn MorkMichal Suchanek
Bodo GraumannMichel Dänzer
Bryce HarringtonMichel Hummel
Carl WorthMikael Magnusson
Carlos GarnachoMike Frysinger
Casper DikMike Stroyan
Cédric CanoMikhail Gusarov
Chad VersaceModestas Vainius
Chase DouglasMohammed Sameer
Choe HwanjinNick Bowler
Chris BagwellNicolai Stange
Chris BallNicolas Cavallari
Chris Halse RogersNicolas Joly
Chris WilsonNicolas Kaiser
Christian KönigNicolas Kalkhof
Christian ToutantNicolas Peninguy
Christian WeisgerberNikolai Kondrashov
Christoph BrillNils Wallménius
Christoph ReimannNithin Nayak Sujir
Christophe RolandNobuhiro Iwamatsu
Christopher James Halse RogersOlaf Buddenhagen
Christopher YeleightonOldřich Jedlička
Clemens EissererOleh Nykyforchyn
Colin HarrisonOliver McFadden
Cristian RodríguezOliver Schmidt
Cyril BruleboisOlivier Fourdan
Daiki UenoOlli Vertanen
Dan HorákOndrej Zary
Dan NicholsonOwen Taylor
Daniel A. SteffenPander
Daniel DrakePär Lidberg
Daniel KurtzParag Nemade
Daniel StonePatrick Curran
Daniel VetterPatrick E. Kane
Dave AirliePaul Fox
David BarksdalePaul Menzel
David ColesPaul Neumann
David CoppaPauli Nieminen
David FriesPaulius Zaleckas
David GePaulo Zanoni
David NusinowPelle Johansson
David RevemanPete Beardmore
David RonisPeter Clifton
Denis 'GNUtoo' CarikliPeter Harris
Derek BuitenhuisPeter Hutterer
Derek ForemanPeter Korsgaard
Derek WangPeter Zotov
Devin J. PohlyPhilip Langdale
Diego Elio PettenòPhilipp Reh
Dirk WallensteinPhillp Haddad
dtakahashi42Pierre-Loup A. Griffais
Eamon WalshPriit Laes
Ed SchoutenPromathesh Mandal
Edward SheldrakeRami Ylimäki
Egbert EichReinhard Karcher
Eitan AdlerRémi Cardona
Elias ProbstRichard Hartmann
Elie BletonRob Clark
Elvis PranskevichusRobert Ancell
Emanuele GiaquintaRobert Bragg
Eoghan SherryRobert Hooker
Eric AnholtRobert Morell
Erik KilfoilRoberto Branciforti
Erik SauleRoger Cruz
Erkki SeppäläRoland Cassard
Eugeni DodonovRoland Scheidegger
Evan BroderRoman Jarosz
Fabio PedrettiRoss Burton
Federico Mena QuinteroRui Matos
Fernando CarrijoRyan Pavlik
Ferry HubertsSam Spilsbury
Francisco JerezSamuel Thibault
Frank HuangSascha Hlusiak
Frank MariakSatoshi KImura
Frédéric BoiteuxScott James Remnant
Fredrik HöglundSebastian Glita
Fryderyk DziarmagowskiSedat Dilek
Gaetan NadonSergey Samokhin
George StaplinSergey V. Udaltsov
Giuseppe BilottaServaas Vandenberghe
Glenn BurkhardtSiddhesh Poyarekar
Guillem JoverSimon Farnsworth
György BallóSimon Que
Hans VerkuilSimon Thum
Hans-Juergen MauserSitsofe Wheeler
Hans-Peter BudekSøren Sandmann Pedersen
Harshula JayasuriyaStefan Dirsch
Havoc PenningtonStefan Glasenhardt
Henry ZhaoStefan Kost
Ian OsgoodStefan Potyra
Ian RomanickStephan Hilb
Ilija HadzicStephane Marchesin
Ivan BulatovicStephen Turnbull
Jakob BornecrantzStuart Kreitman
James CloosTakashi Iwai
James JonesTerry Lambert
James SimmonsThierry Vignaud
Jamey SharpThomas Bächler
Jamie KenneaThomas Fjellstrom
Jan HauffaThomas Hellström
Jan KrihoThomas Hoger
Janne HuttunenThordur Bjornsson
Jari AaltoTiago Vignatti
Javier AcostaTill Matthiesen
Javier JardónTim van der Molen
Javier PelloTim Yamin
Jay CottonTimo Aaltonen
Jeetu GolaniTobias Droste
Jeff ChuaTollef Fog Heen
Jens ElknerTom "spot" Callaway
Jeremy HuddlestonTom Fogal
Jerome CarreteroTomas Carnecky
Jerome GlisseTomas Frydrych
Jesse AdkinsTomas Hoger
Jesse BarnesTomáš Trnka
Jian ZhaoToralf Förster
JJ DingTormod Volden
Joe NahmiasTrevor Woerner
Joe ShawU. Artie Eoff
Joerg SonnenbergerUli Schlachter
Johannes ObermayrUlrich Müller
John MartinVan de Bugger
Jon NettletonVasily Khoruzhick
Jon TURNEYVasyĺ V. Vercynśkyj
Jools WillsVictor Machado
Jordan HayesVille Skyttä
Jörn HorstmannVille Syrjälä
Josh TriplettVincent Torri
Julien CristauWalter Bender
Julien DanjouWalter Harms
Justin DouWilliam Jon McCann
Justin MattockXavier Bachelot
Kai-Uwe BehrmannXiang, Haihao
Kees CookXue Wei
Keith PackardXunx Fang
Kenneth GraunkeY.C. Chen
Kent BaxleyYaakov Selkowitz
Kirill ElaginYann Droneaud
Knut PetersenYannick Heneault
Konstantin BelousovZack Rusin
Kristian HøgsbergZhao Yakui
Kristof SzaboZhenyu Wang
Krzysztof HalasaZhigang Gong
Kusanagi KouichiZou Nan hai
Lennart Poettering 

and the members of the Translation Project.

This product includes software developed by:

2d3d Inc.Kevin E. Martin
3Dlabs Inc. Ltd.Kim woelders
Aaron PlattnerKristian Høgsberg
Adam de BoorLarry Wall
Adam JacksonLars Knoll
Adobe Systems Inc.Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.Leif Delgass
After X-TT ProjectLennart Augustsson
AGE Logic Inc.Leon Shiman
Alan CoopersmithLexmark International Inc.
Alan CoxLinus Torvalds
Alan HourihaneLinuxcare Inc.
Alexander GottwaldLorens Younes
Alex DeucherLuc Verhaegen
Alex WilliamsonMachine Vision Holdings Inc.
Alexei GilchristMandriva Linux
Anders CarlssonManfred Brands
Andreas LuikManish Singh
Andreas MonitzerMarc Aurele La France
Andreas RobinsonMark Adler
Andrei BarbuMark J. Kilgard
Andrew C AitchisonMark Kettenis
Andrey A. ChernovMark Leisher
Andy RitgerMark Smulders
Angus LeesMark Vojkovich
Ani JoshiMartin Husemann
Anton ZiovievMarvin Solomon
Apollo Computer Inc.Massachusetts Inst. Of Technology
Apple Computer Inc.Matrox Graphics
Apple Inc.Matt Dew
Ares Software Corp.Matthew Grossman
Arnaud LE HORSMatthias Hopf
Arne SchwabeMatthias Ihmig
ASPEED Technology Inc.Matthieu Herrb
AT&T Inc.Metro Link Inc.
ATI Technologies Inc.Michal Rehacek
Bart MasseyMichael Bax
Bart Trojanowski, Symbio Technologies, LLCMichael H. Schimek
BEAM Ltd.Michael P. Marking
Benjamin HerrenschmidtMichael Schimek
Benjamin RienfenstahlMichael Smith
Ben SkeggsMichel Dänzer
Beth Mardutho: The Syriac InstituteMike A. Harris
Bigelow and HolmesMike Harris
Bill ReynoldsMing Yu
Bitstream Inc.MIPS Computer Systems Inc.
Bogdan DiaconescuMontaVista Software Inc.
Branden RobinsonNational Security Agency
Brian Fundakowski FeldmanNational Semiconductor
Brian GoinesNCR Corporation Inc.
Bogdan D.Neil Brown
Brian PaulNetBSD Foundation
Bruce KalkNetscape Communications Corp.
Bruno HaibleNetwork Computing Devices Inc.
Bryan StineNew Mexico State University
Bryan W. Headley.Nicholas Joly
C. Scott AnanianNicholas Miell
Carl SwitzkyNicholas Wourms
Catharon Productions Inc.Nicolai Haehnle
Charles MurckoNoah Levitt
Chen XiangyangNolan Leake
Chisato YamauchiNokia Corporation
Chris ConstelloNokia Home Communications
Chris SalchNovell Inc.
Christian ThaeterNozomi YTOW
Christian ZietzNTT Software Corporation
Cognition Corp.Number Nine Computer Corp.
Compaq Computer CorporationNumber Nine Visual Technologies
Concurrent Computer CorporationNVIDIA Corporation
Conectiva S.A.Oivier Danet
Corin AndersonOki Technosystems Laboratory Inc.
Corvin Zahn.Olivetti Research Limited
Cronyx Ltd.OMRON Corporation
Craig StrubleOpen Software Foundation
Daewoo Electronics Co. Ltd.Open Text Corporation
Dag-Erling SmørgravOpenedHand Ltd.
Dale SchumacherOracle Corp.
Damien MillerOrest Zborowski
Daniel BerrangeOwen Taylor
Daniel BorcaPablo Saratxaga
Daniel StonePanacea Inc.
Daniver LimitedPanagiotis Tsirigotis
Daryll StraussPaolo Severini
Data General CorporationPascal Haible
Dave AirliePatrick Lecoanet
David BatemanPatrick Lerda
David DawesPaul Anderson
David E. WexelblatPaul Elliott
David HollandPaul Mackerras
David J. McKayPeter Breitenlohner
David McCulloughPeter Hutterer
David Mosberger-TangPeter Kunzmann
David RevemanPeter Osterlund
David S. MillerPeter Trattler
David WoodhousePhil Karlton
Davor MaticPhilip Blundell
Deron JohnsonPhilip Homburg
Digeo Inc.Philip Langdale
Dennis De WinterPrecision Insight Inc.
Digital Equipment CorporationPrentice Hall
Dirk HohndelQuarterdeck Office Systems
Dmitry GolubevRadek Doulik
Donnie BerkholzRalf Habacker
DOS-EMU-Development-TeamRandy Hendry
Doug AnsonRanier Keller
Drew ParsonsRed Hat Inc.
Earle F. Philhower IIIRegis Cridlig
Edouard TISSERANTRene Cougnenc
Eduard FuchsRichard A. Hecker
Eduardo HorvathRichard Burdick
Egbert EichRich Murphey
Egmont KoblingerRickard E. Faith
Elliot LeeRik Faith
Eric AnholtRobert Chesler
Eric FortuneRobert Millan
Eric SunshineRobert V. Baron
Erik FortuneRobert W. Scheifler
Erik NygrenRobin Cutshaw
Evans & Sutherland Computer Corp.Roland Mainz
Fabio Massimo Di NittoRoland Scheidegger
Fabrizio GennariRonny Vindenes
Fedor P. GoncharovRuss Blaine
Felix KühlingRyan Breen
Finn ThoegersenRyan Lortie
Francesco Zappa NardelliRyan Underwood
Frank C. EarlS. Lehner
Florian LoitschS3 Graphics Inc.
Francisco JerezSam Leffler
Fred HuchtSanta Cruz Operation Inc.
Frederic LepiedSascha Hlusiak.
Fredrik HöglundSciTech Software
Free Software FoundationScott Laird
Fujitsu LimitedSebastien Marineau
Fujitsu Open Systems Solutions Inc.Serge Winitzki
Fuji Xerox Co. Ltd.Sergey Vovk
Gaetan NadonShigehiro Nomura
Gareth HughesShoGraphics Inc.
Geert UytterhoevenShunsuke Akiyama
George FufutosSilicon Graphics Computer Systems
George SapountzisSilicon Graphics, Inc.
Gerrit Jan AkkermanSilicon Integrated Systems Corp
Gerry TollSilicon Motion Inc.
Ghozlane ToumiSimon P. Cooper
Glenn G. LaiSimon Thum
GNOME FoundationSnitily Graphics Consulting Services
Go WatanabeSony Corporation
Google Summer of Code participantsSøren Sandmann
Greg Kroah-HartmanSRI
Gregory MokhinStanislav Brabec
Greg ParkerStefan Bethge
GROUPE BULLStefan Dirsch
Guillem JoverStefan Gmeiner
Guy MartinStephane Marchesin
Hans OeyStephan Lang
Harald KoenigSteven Lang
Harm HanemaayerStuart Kreitman
Harold L Hunt IISun Microsystems Inc.
Harry LangenbacherSunSoft Inc.
Hartwig FelgerSuSE Inc
Henry A. WorthSven Luther
Henry DaviesTakis Psarogiannakopoulos
Hewlett-Packard CompanyTakuma Murakami
Hideki HiuraTakuya SHIOZAKI
Hitachi Ltd.T. A. Phelps
Holger VeitTektronix Inc.
Hong Bo PengTheo de Raadt
Howard GreenwellTheodore Ts'o
Hummingbird Communications Ltd.The Open Group
Ian RomanickThe Unichrome Project
IBM CorporationThe Weather Channel Inc.
Inst. of Software Academia SinicaThomas E. Dickey
Intel CorporationThomas G. Lane
INTERACTIVE Systems CorporationThomas Hellström
Itai NahshonThomas Mueller
Itronix Inc.Thomas Roell
Ivan KokshayskyThomas Thanner
Ivan PascalThomas Winischhofer
Jakub JelinekThomas Wolfram
James TsillasThorsten.Ohl
Jamey SharpTiago Gons
Jason BaconTilman Sauerbeck
Jaymz JulianTodd C. Miller
Jean-loup GaillyTomohiro KUBOTA
Jeff HartmannTorrey Lyons
Jeff KirkTorrey T. Lyons
Jeffrey HsuTOSHIBA Corp.
Jehan BingToshimitsu Tanaka
Jeremy C. ReedTravis Tilley
Jeremy KatzTrolltech AS
Jeremy HuddlestonTroy D. Hanson
Jerome GlisseTungsten Graphics Inc.
Jesse BarnesTuomas J. Lukka
Jim GettysTy Sarna
Jim TsillasUCHIYAMA Yasushi
Joerg SonnenbergerUnicode Inc.
John DennisUniSoft Group Limited
John HarperUniversity of California
John HeasleyUniversity of South Australia
Jonathan AdamczewskiUniversity of Utah
Jon BlockUniversity of Wisconsin
Jon SmirlUNIX System Laboratories Inc.
Jon TombsURW++ GmbH
Jörg BösnerValery Inozemtsev
Jorge DelgadoVA Linux Systems
José FonsecaVIA Technologies Inc.
Josh TriplettVideo Electronics Standard Assoc.
Joseph FriedmanVMware Inc.
Joseph P. SkudlarekVrije Universiteit
Joseph V. MossWittawat Yamwong
Julio M. Merino VidalWyse Technology Inc.
Juan Romero PardinesX Consortium
Juliusz ChroboczekXFree86 Project Inc.
Jyunji TakagiXi Graphics Inc.
Kaleb KeithleyX-Oz Technologies
Kazushi (Jam) MarukawaX-TrueType Server Project
Kazuyuki (ikko-) OkamotoX.Org Foundation
Kazutaka YOKOTAXGI Technology
Kean JohnstonYu Shao
Keith PackardZack Rusin
Keith WhitwellZephaniah E. Hull
Kensuke MatsuzakiZhenyu Wang

This product includes software developed by The XFree86 Project, Inc (http://www.xfree86.org/) and its contributors.

This product includes software that is based in part on the work of the FreeType Team (http://www.freetype.org/).

This product includes software developed by the University of California, Berkeley and its contributors.

This product includes software developed by Christopher G. Demetriou.

This product includes software developed by the NetBSD Foundation, Inc. (http://www.netbsd.org/) and its contributors.

This product includes software developed by X-Oz Technologies (http://www.x-oz.com/).